Types of Networks: All you need to know...

A computer network can also be termed as linking of group of computers through a communication medium to transmit and receive the data and information within all the computers in the network. 

The computer network is divided into following categories :

• Local Area Network ( LAN )
  
• Wide Area Network ( WAN )
• Metropolitan Area Network ( MAN ) 
• Personal Area Network ( PAN ) 
• Campus Area Network ( CAN )

Local  Area Network ( LAN ):

The computer network restricted to limited area to share the resources and exchange information from the server or source computer or main computer is known as local area network ( LAN ).

Each computer connected through a server ( or source or main computer ) is known as workstation or node. The computers may be connected through a cable ( coaxial cable or fiber optics cable etc.) or Wireless LAN ( WLAN ). The resource and information that are share within the LAN maybe programs , hard disk, printer or modem etc. It is commonly used in schools, homes, offices, hospitals and library etc. 

The transmission rate in LAN usually ranges from 10 Mbps ( Mega Bits Per Second ) to 1 Gbps ( Giga Bits Per Second ).

The following figure shows a sample LAN arrangement :

Wide Area Network ( WAN ):

The group of interconnected computers ( LAN ) separated worldwide covering large geographical area to exchange the data and information is known as wide area network 

( WAN ). Thus, it can be said that one or more group of LANs spread across worldwide and connected through a communication medium such as telephone lines, cables, air medium, satellites etc.

The example of WAN is "Internet". The transmission rate in WAN ranges from 1200 Bps     ( Bits Per Second ) to 5 Mbps ( Mega Bits Per Second ) or more.

The following figure shows a sample WAN arrangement:

Metropolitan Area Network ( MAN ):

The computer network that shares some characteristics of both LANs and WANs and restricted to a city or metropolitan area to share the resources and exchange information is known as metropolitan area network ( MAN ). 

The capabilities of MAN is larger than LAN and smaller than WAN. A metropolitan area network ( MAN ) is generally interconnects number of local area networks ( LANs ) using fiber optical links ( Optical Fiber Cable OFC ) that provides linking services to wide area network ( WAN ) and the internet.

The cable- TV network is one of the example of MAN because it usually covers a city. Another example of MAN is the connecting of LANs of two buildings. 

The following figure shows a sample of MAN arrangement: 

Personal Area Network ( PAN ):

The computer network restricted to small area to communicate among attached devices such as telephone lines or Bluetooth etc., is known as personal area network ( PAN ). The devices connected in PAN arrangement may be printer, mobile phones, and digital signature pad etc.

The PAN arrangement may contain Wired or Wireless devices. A wired PAN is connected with USB and Firewire connections and the wireless PAN include Bluetooth and Infrared connections.

The following figure shows a sample PAN arrangement:

Campus Area Network ( CAN ):

The computer network which inter-connects two or more local area networks ( LANs ) within the limited geographical area is known as campus area network ( CAN ).

The commonly used network devices in CAN are switches and routers etc., and the communication medium may be optical-fiber cable, Cat5 network cable, and copper plant etc.

The campus area networks ( CANs ) as per its name "campus" are used to inter-connect LANs of different floors of a building or an organization such as, various departments of an university, corporate offices, government organizations, and business organizations etc.

The following figure shows an sample of CAN arrangement:

Have a Good day.....

Redmi Note 9 vs In Note 1 vs Realme 7i .Is it the best possible comeback for Micromax?

In  Note 1

Redmi Note 9

Realme 7i

 

General:

Launch Date :

 November 3,2020  | July 24,2020  | October 7,2020 

Brand :                  

 Micromax |  Xiaomi |   Realme       

Operating 

System :               

 Android v10 |  Android v10 |   Android v10

UI :                          

 N/A       |   MIUI  |  Realme UI 

Wi Fi :           

Wi fi  802.11,a/b/g/n, Dual Band | Wi fi  802.11,a/b/g/n, Dual Band | Wi fi 802,11 a/ac/b/g/n/n    Dual Band 

Bluetooth :              

 v5.0     |  v5.0   |  v5.0

Sim Slot :           

 Dual Nano sim+ Micro SD card |  Dual Nano sim+ Micro SD card | Dual Nano sim + Micro SD card

                                      

Hybrid Sim Slot:              

No     |   No      |  No 

Network  :            

 Supports 4G,3G,2G | Supports 4G,3G,2G  | Supports 4G,3G,2G  

GPS :               

 A- GPS, Glonass, Beidou, Galileo|  A- GPS, Glonass, Beidou | A-GPS, Glonass, Beidou

                                                                                              

Design :

Height :                  

  165.24 mm  |  161.44 mm   |   164.1 mm 

Width :                   

  76.95 mm     |  76.7 mm   |  75.5 mm

Thickness :             

8.99 mm  |  8.7 mm  | 8.5 mm

Weight :                  

196 grams   | 199 grams   |  188 grams  

Colours :             

 Green, White  | Aqua Green, Arctic White, Pebble Grey, Scarlet Red , Shadow Black | Fusion Green, Fusion

                                                                                    

Protection :         

Glass both front and back | Corning Gorilla Glass 5 both front and back                                  | Corning Gorilla Glass 3 and plastic back

                                                                   

Waterproof :          

Yes, splash proof | Yes, splash proof  | Yes, splash proof 

Display :

 

 Brightness :               

 440 nits  |       450 nits  |      480 nits  

Screen Size :          

 6.67 inches( 16.9 cm ) | 6.53 inches(16.59 cm) | 6.5 inches(16.51cm )

Display type :         

IPS LCD, Full HD+ | IPS LCD, Full HD+  | IPS LCD, HD+

Screen resolution :         

 1080 >< 2400   | 1080 >< 2340  | 720 >< 1600 

Aspect Ratio :              

21:9   |      19.5:9 |        20: 9

Notch :                        

 Punch-Hole |  Dot Display | Punch-Hole         

Pixel Density :              

395 ppi |  395 ppi |   270 ppi 

Refresh Rate :           

 60 Hz  |    60 Hz  |  90 Hz

Screen to Body Ratio (claimed by brand) :                                                          

  78%  |  84%   |    90%

                                                                  

Performance :

Chipset :                 

 Mediatek G85,12nm | Mediatek G85,12nm  Antutu Score -2,05,946 | SD 662 ,11nm

 Antutu Score-> 1,33,324

Processor :            

 Octa core (2 GHz, Dual core, Cortex A75 + 2 GHz, Hexa core, Cortex A55)                          | Octa core (2 GHz, Quad core, Kryo 260 + 1.8 GHz, Quad core,Kryo 260 )

                               

                                                                                                 

Architecture :              

 64 Bit |  64 Bit  |  64 Bit 

GPU :   

 Mali G52   | Mali G52  | Adreno 610 

Camera : 

Primary Camera :             

 48 MP  | 48 MP   | 64 MP        

Ultra wide Camera:          

 5 MP ,FOV 115 | 8 MP,FOV 118.2  | 8 MP ,FOV 119     

Macro Camera :                 

2 MP | 2 MP | 2 MP

Depth Camera :                 

 2 MP  | 2 MP  | 2 MP 

Sensor( Rear ) :                    

 N/A    | CMOS image sensor    | N/A  

 

Physical Aperture ( Rear ) :             

 f1.79  | f1.79  | f1.8

 

 Flash( Rear ) :              

Yes, Led Flash | Yes, Led Flash | Yes, Led Flash 

Front Camera :                

16 MP   |13 MP   |  16 MP  

  

Sensor( Front ) :                 

N/A  | N/A    | Sony IMX471 

Physical Aperture ( Front ) :

f2.0| f2.25    | f2.1 

Flash( Front ) :             

 Yes ,Screen Flash  | N/A   | Yes, Screen Flash 

Battery : 

Capacity :                      

 5000 mah | 5020 mah | 5000 mah 

Type :                         

 Li- ion | Li-ion | Li-ion   

 

Charging :                       

 18 Watt  | 22.5 Watt | 18 Watt 

USB Type C :                   

  Yes  |  Yes   | Yes 

Standby :                

 960 Hrs( Flight mode )   | N/A | 816 Hrs 

Charging Time 0 to 100% :          

 2 Hrs 45 min  ( Estimated ) | 2 Hrs 31 min | 2 Hrs 45 min

                        

Reverse Charging :         

Yes | Yes, 9 Watt   | Yes  

Multimedia :

Loudspeaker :                

 Yes    | Yes   | Yes 

Audio Jack :                   

 3.5 mm  | 3.5 mm  | 3.5 mm 

 

Others :

Fingerprint Sensor :       

  Rear  |  Rear   | Rear 

Other Sensors :         

All these havs Light, Gyroscope, Proximity ,E- Compass, Accelerometer 

Wi Fi Calling :
  Yes  | Yes   | Yes 

VoLTE  :                           

 Yes  | Yes  | Yes  

SAR Value :            

Head :   N/A    | 0.853 W/Kg  | 1.098 W/Kg  

Body :  N/A    | 0.433 W/Kg  | 0.531 W/Kg   

Variants :

4+64 Gb :    Rs 10,999 |  Rs 10,999  |  Rs 11,999

4+128 Gb :  Rs  12,499 |   Rs 12,499  |  Rs 12,999

6+ 128 Gb :   -----         |  Rs 14,499    |       ----

 

+Plus Points : 

In Note 1:

• Dedicated Google Assistant Button
• Stock Android experience
• Well priced 
• Stunning  Look 
• Mega battery

Redmi Note 9 :

• All round experience
• 5020 mah battery with 22.5 watt charger
• Gorilla glass 5 protection both front and back
• Comes with 6 colours

Realme 7i :

• Impressive camera experience
• 90 Hz Refresh Rate 
• Nice weight distribution 

-Minus Points :

In Note 1 :

• Ultra wide is 5 MP ,should be of atleast 8 MP
• Brightness is little low 

Redmi Note 9 :

• Refresh Rate could be more improved 
• Weighs 200 grams 

Realme 7i :

• No Full HD display 
• Processor felt little old 
• Plastic Back

Conclusion

This comparison will help you find a budget phone suitable for you according to your needs. You have to choose what specs you actually want and what you are comfortable with. In Note 1 has an excellent pricing which assures you a phone which will definitely match your expectations . Although Redmi note 9 also has same pricing but it was introduced at price of Rs 11,500 but later on after festive offs and discounts it is now at same pricing of In Note 1.But I find many of the important facts about the Micromax's In phones were unavailable like about camera sensors, protection, storage type but this things can totally reveled only after a clear review. Now coming to the point, if you are a camera lover and can lift your budget little up then go for Realme 7i on the other hand In and Redmi provides you an all- round performance with powerful gaming experience .I have also listed the pros and cons that can help you .Now you decide

Hope you liked it.....

             

 

Why JAVA is known as both compiled and interpreted language?

 A computer programming language either compiles a program or interprets but the JAVA language combines both these features together so as to make java a two stage system. In the first stage, the JAVA compiler translates the source code into Byte code instructions. These byte codes are not the machine instructions and therefore, in the second stage JAVA interpreter( JAVA Virtual Machine) generates machine codes that are directly executed by the computer system which runs the JAVA program .Thus, it can be said that the JAVA is a compiled and interpreted language .

M51: Really Monstrous ??

Thinking to buy M51 ,here are some pros and cons that I want to share with you .

The phone is powered with SD 730G octa core which is 8 nm processor designed with power efficient architecture. No doubt, that it will be blazzing fast with your day to day work, Adreno 618 GPU with Game Booster is outstanding and makes it perfect for gaming . The phone comes with 6+128 Gb and 8+128 Gb variant and can be expanded up to 512 Gb, 2 sim slots + dedicated card slot is provided and the phone does not supports 5G .It has AI rear quad camera setup (64MP primary+ 12MP ultra wide + 5MP macro +5MP depth ) with SonyIMX682 sensor and features like smart crop, single take , hyperlapse and boomerang. The front camera is 32 MP with SonyIMX616 sensor . M51's meanest camera is all you need to get awesome pics .

You will get tired but not its battery, Samsung gives you India's first phone with 7000 mah battery which is really monstrous. It comes with 25 watt charger within the box and takes approx 2hr 6 min to get fully charged .Type C  to Type C data cable is also provided for 18 watt reverse charging.

Build quality is something that I am not fulfilled with . Today majority of people look for phones with glass back but M51 has a plastic back with Gorilla Glass 3 in front and plastic frame .But weight distribution and In- hand feel is excellent . It weighs about 213 grams .

Display is mindblowing with impressive 6.7" sAmoled Plus infinityO display and 60 Hz refresh rate .Fingerprint sensor is really quick with 0.27 sec unlock time and face unlock performs brilliant .

Multimedia is really impressive with immersive Dolby Atmos and all good .Audio is loud enough but no stereo support .UI is clean and provided with every features that u can expect at this price range 

+Plus points :

• Monstrous battery to provide you 2 day battery backup or more 
• Outstanding display
• Clean UI 
• Meanest camera 
• Gives u impressive multimedia experience 
• All round performance 

-Minus points :

• Should give glass back
• 65 watt charger should be provided atleast to charge its 7000 mah battery 
• High refresh rate is expected at this price range 
  
  
• 
  

Redmi Note 9 Pro Max : Is it really max? My experience till now ...

Its have last three months since I am using it .Now I want to convey you all about its pros and cons .

A phone provided with SD 720G is all we need for gaming, multimedia usage or heavy work ,it is a 8nm processor specialized for battery consumption and offers great experience . Till now I haven't noticed any major lag but there are some minor bugs but they were removed with latest MIUI 12 update . Xiaomi offers you a UI full of ads and bloatware which is very disappointing. But after MIUI 12 you can hardly notice any ads and now surprisingly I think it has become a clean UI. MIUI offers you great features, gestures and animations.                                       

The phone comes with AI quad rear camera setup(64+8+5+2) MP and 32 MP  camera in front. Rear camera setup is very different and attractive than rest of the mobiles launched recently in 2020 and primary camera is all good .I am specially impressed with 5 MP macro lens. The detailing and overall the photos will surely match your expectations .          

It has 5020 mah which takes 1 h 26 min to full charge ,33 watt charger comes in box and of course no overheating  .Build quality is awesome and gives you a premium and glossy look . It weighs 209 grams and comes with triple corning gorilla glass 5 protection both front and back. Fingerprint sensor is on the power button which responses really quick . Screen provides 6.7 inch IPS LCD FHD+ display and 395 ppi with punch hole notch and 60 Hz refresh rate . Multimedia is also good with single sound grill which is loud enough and rest all is good .Plus the MI browser was uninstalled with the MIUI 12 update .     

+Plus points :

NAVIC  System

Glass back with attractive rear camera setup 

Long lasting battery with 5020 mah and impressive 33 watt charging 

Awesome photos

UI  Full of animations 

- Minus points 

Big screen to fit in small hands 

Should have Amoled display

High refresh rate will make it even more good but felt comfortable with 60 Hz 

Hope u love it ....